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Bagrowo

Bagrowo, a village in Sroda powiat, 5 houses, 34 inhabitants, all Catholic, 11 illiterate. It has a parish church of Sroda deanery. In 1751 the Franciscan Fathers of Poznan - to whom Andrzej Czacki, proprietor of Bagrowo, left the village in 1702, subject to redemption - built a new wooden church on the site of the old one (also of wood) under the ancient title of St. Katarzyna's [Catherine's]. The Bagrowo church had been handed over to the administration of the Franciscan Fathers as early as the 17th century, by the owners at the time, the Dobinskis. In the 15th and 16th century the village belonged to the Bagrowskis. Bagrowo estate has 1,320 morgs, 13 houses, 131 inhabitants, 2 Protestant, 149 Catholic [sic], 72 illiterate; the railway station is in Sroda, 7 km. away, and the highway is 3 km. away. [M. St. (Studniarski)].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, p. 81]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Summer 2000 Bulletin.

Bajki Starawie

A village, estate and okolica [district] in Bialystok county, Krypno gmina, 38.5 kilometers from Bialystok. The village has 280 hectares [about 691 acres]; the estate, the property of the Oldakowskis, has 327 hectares [807 acres]; the district has 201 hectares [497 acres].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 15a, p. 68]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Spring 2003 Rodziny.

Bajki Zalesie

A village, estate, and okolica in Bialystok county, 3rd police district, gmina of Krypno, about 37 kilometers from Bialystok. The village has 285 hectares [about 704 acres]; the estate, the property of the Mikhailovs, has 144 hectares [about 356 acres]; and the district 128 hectares [about 316 acres].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 15a, p. 68]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Spring 2003 Rodziny.

Bak

A village in Chojnice county, in Wiele parish.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted & translated by Gerald R. Schmidt, Pittsburgh, PA, E-mail: gshmit@PeoplePC.com (Feb 2001)

Barcin

1) a town on the Notec river, in Szubin (formerly Kcynia) powiat, on marshy ground, and due to the damp weather fevers are often rampant here.  In the vicinity there are lime deposits covering several dozen morgs; 142,000 quintals are extracted annually, which are burned in three cylindrical lime-kilns. There are 70 houses, 936 inhabitants: 377 Protestants, 422 Catholics, 137 Jews; the inhabitants are either farmers or day-laborers.  There is a doctor and a pharmacy in the town.   It belongs to Labiszyn obwod and to the okrag court in Labiszyn; it has a Catholic parish church belonging to Znin deanery, a prayer house for Protestants, a synagogue, as well as a non-denominational elementary school.  There are 159 illiterates.  It has four two-day markets a year, with stalls for cattle and horses.   The distance from the powiat seat of Szubin is 15 km., and it is 18 km. from the railroad station in Chmielnik (German name Hopfengarten). It has a 3rd-class post office, a personal post runs to the railroad station, and there is a mail post to Labiszyn. Formerly the residents also were employed in the cloth industry.   Barcin is mentioned as a town in the 16th century.  In 1794 a skirmish took place nearby between the Prussian and Polish armies.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [Vol. 1, p. 107].

Submitted by: This translation, by William F. Hoffman, first appeared in the Winter 1996-1997 issue of "Bulletin of the Polish Genealogical Society of America" (Mar 1999).

Barglow Koscielny

A government owned village, and Barglow Dworny, a government owned village and folwark [manorial farmstead], and Barglow Cerkiewny, three adjoining villages in Augustow county, in the gmina and parish of the same name, on the highway from Rajgrod to Augustow.

In 1827 Barglow Dworny had 31 houses and 158 inhabitants; Barglow Koscielny had 47 houses and 205 inhabitants. Today Barglow Dworny has 593 inhabitants and 61 houses; Barglow Koscielny has 445 inhabitants and 56 houses. Barglow gmina, with its office in the village of Barglow Dworny, has a population of 5,255 and an area of 16,338 morgs. The gmina court, in district I, and the post office are in the town of Augustow, 12 versts [13 km.] away; Suwalki is 40 versts [43 km.] away.
The gmina includes: Barglow Cerkiewny, Barglow Dworny, Barglow Koscielny, Barglowka, Brzozowka, Czerkiesy, Gorstwiny, Jeziorski, Judziki, Kamionka-Chrustowskich, Kamionka-Dluxewskiego, Kamionka-Nied_wiedzkiego, Kamionka Nowa, Kamionka Stara, Karta, Kukowo, Labetnik village and manorial farmstead, Mamarta, Mlynek, Nowiny-barglowskie, Nowiny Stare, Orany, Piekutowo, Pienki, Pomiany village and manorial farmstead, Popowo, Prochniewo, Reszki, Rozalin, Rumejki, Solistowka, Sosnowo village and manorial farmstead, Tobylka village and manorial farmstead, Uscianki, Wilkowo, Zrobko and Zrobki.

Barglow parish, of Augustow deanery, totals 7,298 faithful. In Barglow Koscielny there is an elementary school. Also being finished there is a new stone church, built from the parishioners’ contributions for a total of 50,000 silver rubles. [Br{onilaw} Ch{lebowski} – Volume 1, page 108]

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, p. 81]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Fall 2002 Rodziny.

A village and manorial farmstead on the river Barglowka, in Augustow county, Barglow gmina and parish, 294 inhabitants, 36 houses, 4 versts [4 km.] from Barglow. [No author named – Volume 1, page 108].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, p. 81]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Fall 2002 Rodziny.

Biala

Biala, a village in Rzeszow powiat, 4 km. from Tyczyn, with an area of 1,279 morgs, 190 houses, 1,155 inhabitants; there is a Latin-rite parish in Slocina and a Greek Catholic parish in Zalesie; it has a branch people's school, a gmina loan society, and a brewing factory. It lies on the powiat highway from Rzeszow to Blazowa.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, p. 171].

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Winter 2000 Bulletin.

Biecz

Biecz, a town in the county of Gorlice, at 38¼ 11’ latitude north, 49¼9’ longitude east from Ferro. [Translator’s Note—I don’t know where the proofreaders were when this copy was set; but these coordinates are dead wrong, even if you adjust for the modern practice of measuring longitude from Greenwich instead of from Ferro. Reliable sources give these coordinates as 49¼ 44’ north, 21¼15’ east]. It is a former county seat of Kraków province, with a postal station on the highway from Jaslo to Grybów, 19 km. from Jaslo. It has 383 houses, 1,204 men and 1,246 women, for a total of 2,450 inhabitants, of whom 1,878 are Roman Catholic and 284 Jews. It is the headquarters for a station of the Royal and Imperial [Austrian] military police, and has a pharmacy, a doctor, a post and telegraph office. There is a Latin-rite parish in the town, and an additional parish church in beautiful Gothic style that had already been constructed by 1326. Formerly its patron was the Bishop of Kraków, now it is the Royal and Imperial government of the crownland [i. e., Galicia]. There is a 4-class people’s school, a paupers’ fund established by Queen Jadwiga of Poland in 18373 for the purpose of supporting the local poor. The initial capital of that institution comes to 61,187 Rhenish zlotys, and its income in 1877 was 3,553 zlotys.

Biecz lies on an elevation over the river Ropa, by the government’s southern or Carpathian highway. The poor population is employed primarily in agriculture, but partially also in the weaving industry.

Biecz, one of the most ancient towns, at one time had a castle and was surrounded by walls. In 1294 Václav, King of Bohemia, bestowed it upon the Kraków chapter. But in 1311 as a result of the Hungarian attack that almost succeeded, Lokietek took it away from Bishop Muskata and attached it to the estates of the royal table. It was here in 1400 that envoys of Jagiello, with envoys of the house of Cilli, renewed the king’s engagement to Anna Countess of Cilli, granddaughter of King Kazimierz the Great.

In the 16th century Biecz, located on the main highway of Hungary and with its population increased with German settlers, flourished so greatly in trade and industry that it was called “Little Kraków.” So many hoodlums hid in the neighboring hills that in 1614, according to legend, 120 of them were executed in Biecz at one time. This created a need for a special call for people to carry out the court’s verdicts, and due to this the town became renowned throughout Poland for training and qualifying executioners.

Now protruding ruins are all that remain of the ancient castle and the walls that once surrounded Biecz. The citadel’s ancient glory is recalled by old Gothic houses, an magnificent town hall with an ancient bell tower, the parish church, and a monastery of the Order of the Reformation, founded in 1630 by Mikolaj Ligeza. A third church, St. Barbara’s, is empty.

Biecz was the ancestral home of historian Marcin Kromer, secretary to three kings and the Bishop of Warmia. His house is maintained in good condition, and on display in the circular keep adjoining it is the vaulted chamber, adorned with ashlar sculptures, in which Kromer supposedly entered the world in 1512. There is also a portrait of him in the parish church and a tablet he consecrated to the memory of his ancestors. This church was also adorned by the alabaster headstone of Mikolaj Ligeza, starosta of Biecz, since Biecz was formerly the seat of a gród-affiliated starostwo.

The town of Biecz occupies 2,843 mórgs. We read in Echard’s Dykcyonarz geograficzny [Warsaw, 1782] that the inhabitants boil salt from the waters of the river Ropa and collect sulfur from the river’s froth (!). Near Biecz is a beautiful forest of fir trees belonging to the gród, as well as gród meadows, Strzeszyn hill, and the Królewska studnia [Royal well]. Doctor Antoni Kotowicz made phytophenological and zoophenological observations in the area. [Translator’s note—that is, he studied periodical biological phenomena of plants and animals in relation to the climate]; he also described the fauna of the Biecz area (Sprawozd. kom. fizyogr., Vol. IX). [M. M{arassé}, Vol. 1, pp. 205-206].

[Supplemental information from Volume 15-1]: Biecz, in a document from 1243 Beiech, 1257 Begech, 1345 Beycz, 1306 Begeczensis castellatura, a town in Gorlice county. It is an ancient trade center and castellan’s gród* on a trade route from Hungary and Sacz to Ruthenia. In a document from 1243 we read of Nicolaus, castellan “de Beycz.” In one from 1257 castellan “Bronisius de Begech” appears. A record from 1280 speaks of the districts of S_cz and Biecz (“terrarum de Sandec et de Bech,” Kodex Malopolski, II, 70, 108, 149). By a document dated 1303 in Prague, the Czech Václav, king of Bohemia and Kraków, trades the gród “Beycz” with appurtenances for the properties of the bishop in Kamienica. The Bishop of Kraków retains only the right of patronage over the Church of St. Wojciech and a second branch church (Kod. kat. krak., Vol. I, p. 145). The bishop gave this castle, along with the obligation to mount a guard and defense, to the Tyniec monastery. When the monastery neglected its duties, in response to an accusation by Bishop Nankier, Pope John XXII ordered a review of the matter in 1322.

That Biecz was a marketplace on the trade route is attested by documents. “Viam de Sandecz versus Rusiam per Beycz, Smigrod et Sanok” [“the road from Sacz toward Ruthenia through Beycz, Smigród and Sanok”] says a charter of King Kazimierz issued in 1345 to the townsmen of Sacz. The “districtus biecensis” [“district of Biecz”] is mentioned in a document from 1369 (Kod. Ma_op., I, 258, 359). “Prope Byecz in terra cracoviensi” [“by Biecz in the district of Kraków”] is mentioned in a document from 1359, and at that time the castellan there was Paszko z Pilchowic, who was still in power there in 1391 (Kod. W.) In 1361 Kazimierz the Great stayed in Biecz on December 26th and issued a charter for building a wa_nica [perhaps a facility for weighing items on which taxes were payable to the crown?], a postrzygalnia [place for cutting cloth], and booths for salt. In 1363 the King confirmed the previous endowment as well as a German-law municipal charter for the town*. In addition he gave permission for building two storehouses for wine and two clothiers’ booths, and gave pastureland in the grove beyond the castle woods, the so-called harta, and two half-_ans* for pastureland (for cattle).

In 1364 the king stayed there in June and August. In 1365 he exempted the inhabitants from the duty office in Wojnicz. In 1367 the king stayed there in February. In 1368 the king established there an 8-day fair in honor of Sts. Peter and Paul. In 1369 the king stayed there in August. In October 1371 Queen El_bieta stayed there. A 1374 document mentions “oppidum Frienstat in districtu Beczensi” [“the village of Frienstat in the district of Biecz”]. In 1374 Louis, King of Poland and Hungary, exempted the nobility from all public obligations for admitting his daughters to succession to the Polish throne, and promised the nobles that he would not place anyone who was not a local inhabitant in the position of castellan of any gród, including that of Biecz (K. W., no. 1709). A “Janusius capitaneus Bieczensis” appears in a 1383 document. On 1399 Wladyslaw Jagiello granted municipal rights and obligations to the inhabitants of the settlements just outside the town. (Kod. dypl. pol., III, 361).

In 1771 Wilhelm Sieminski paid a kwarta of 7,569 zl. and 24 pence from the starostwo. For reference to the annals of Biecz see: Ulanowski, B., Najdawniejsza ksi_ga s_dowa miasta B. [The Oldest Court Records of the Town of Biecz, Kraków, 1896.—[Br{onislaw} Ch{lebowski}, Vol. 15-1, pp. 134-135].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Summer 2003 Rodziny.

Biez~un~

A privately-owned settlement, previously a town, in Sierpc county, on the river Wkra, about 44 kilometers from Plock, on the highway from Plock to Mlawa; it has a parish church built of stone, the district II gmina court, the gmina office, an elementary school, and a post office. Adam Wolowski rebuilt the land-owner’s palace. In 1859 Biezun had 149 houses (2 of stone) and 2,478 inhabitants, including 739 Jews. Currently it has 2,535 inhabitants, 234 houses (3 of stone), two tanneries, 4 windmills, 6 fairs, and weekly markets; 1,792morg of land belong to the settlement.

Founded by Jedrzej of Golczewo, Plock castellan, in the late 14th century, it received a building charter and a grant of German law in 1406 from Prince Ziemowit of Mazovia and Plock. The nest of the ancient Sierpski family, it ended up as property of the Zamojskis. Granted charters by Polish kings, at one time it numbered among the most significant towns of the former province of Plock; and Swiecicki, describing Mazovia in the first half of the 17th century, named Biezun as a castle and fortification. But its fortunes declined drastically, probably during the wars with Sweden. In 1716 Andrzej Zamojski was born there, the great Crown Chancellor of historical fame, and after laying down his seal, he lived in the palace he built there and undertook work on a collection of civil law. In 1767 King Stanislaw August allowed this same Andrze Zamojski to reestablish the town, and granted it a charter on terms of Magdeburg law.

The area around Biezun has long been famous for its exceptional fish and crabs, which were transported to Warsaw and must have provided the main source of income for the inhabitants. This gave rise to a saying that lives on to this day: “Gdyby nie ryby i raki, zgineliby Biezuniaki” [If it weren’t for fish and crabs, the people of Biezun would be lost.]

The parish of Biezun, of Sierpc deanery, numbers 4,081 souls. The gmina of Biezun, which belongs to the second district court (Biezun), has a total area of 17,336 morgs, including 8,342 of farmland, and a population of 6,344; there are two Catholic churches in the gmina, a Protestant house of prayer, a synagogue, the gmina court and administration, 3 elementary schools, 2 tanneries, a glass works, a brewery, a steam mill, a water mill, 7 windmills, 25 shops and inns.

The municipal settlement of Biezun belongs to the gmina, as well as the peasant-owned villages and colonies of: Adamowo, Dabrowka, Elzbiecin, Felcin, Karolewo, Korniszyn, Lutocin, Mak, Majnowo, Obreb, Parlin, Pozga, Strzeszewo, Semborz, Sadlowo, Siedliska, Stanislawowo, Seroki, the manorial farmstead and one milling settlement; the private Biezun Palace with the manorial farmsteads of Korniszyn, Sadlowo and Soznica, Karolewo, Lonzyn, Lutocin, Wladyslawowo-nowe, Wladyslawowo-stare, Wladyslawowo-budy, Zabiezungrondy or Zabiezuntawki, Zimolza; of the villages mentioned above, these be-long to the parish: Biezun, Lutocin, and Poniatowo.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, pp. 224-225]

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Spring 2003 Rodziny.

Bijuciszki

Bijuciszki, (with the manor of Wolana), is a village in the nearby small town of Borun, district of Oszmiana. Heritage of Andrzej Wolana (in the 17th century), defender and propagator of Calvinism in Lithuania. Property formerly held by Wahkowicz and today by Wojtkiewicz. Volume I, Page 225

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880 [Vol. 1 page 225].

Submitted by Anthony Paddock, (Dec 2003)

Binduga

A peasant-owned village on the river Omulew, in Przasnysz county, Zareby gmina and parish, with 21 houses, 161 inhabitants and 754 morgs of land (109 of farmland).

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880 [Vol. 1 page 230].

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Winter 2003 Rodziny.

Bisloszowa

Bisloszowa (also called Bistuszowa), a village in Tarnow powiat, 0. 5 km. from Tuchow. It comprises 1,226 morgs of land, 755 of which are under cultivation. It has 65 houses and 399 inhabitants. It is served by the Latin-rite parish in Ryglice. The village has a communal loan society. It is situated in a hilly area highly conducive to farming. [M. M. - Vol. 1, p. 240].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880 

Submitted by: Robert Bator, Chicago, IL. Translated by Anna Pawlik (2001)

Bl~a~dzikowo

In German Blondzikau or Blansekow, a knight- and peasant-owned village in Wejherowo county, about 4 km. from the town of Wejherowo, served by the railroad station and parish in Puck. On 13 November 1353 Teutonic Knights Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode granted this village to Stefan Blansek, on the condition that he and his successors would defend the German order and provide horses. In later times Bladzikowo belonged to the Carthusian monastery in Kartuzy. [L{eon} Pobl{ocki}, Vol. 1, p. 247].

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880.

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Spring 2002 Rodziny.

Bochlin

A village and manor farm in the district of Kwidzyn, parish and post office of Nowe, 10 houses, 207 inhabitants, 180 Catholics (together with those from Kozielc). In the year 1648 the owner here was Konopacki, and in 1782 Zakrzewski. This village is called Zapusty by Zaranski.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted and Translated by: Rose Szczech (Apr 1998)

Brodnica

In German, Strassburg in Westpreussen. City and county in West Prussia, regency of Kwidzyn, in the former Michalowo-land, on the right bank of the river Drweca, in a valley between small hills, on meadows in the midst of swampy places or "brody". About 6 wiorsts from the border of the Congress Kingdom, about 3 miles from the Railroad station at Jablonow, center of carefully-kept beaten-roads stretching in 6 directions, a point of sale of grain for a significant part of the county of Rypin, not far from a beautiful and extensive forest belonging to the estate Karbowo.

The area of the city together with the appendages Swiniekaty, Zal, Czapka, and Gabriel-Ostrowo, Arentowizna, Targowek, Wilamowo, Wygoda, Zaborowszczyzna and together with the farm belonging to the inhabitants amounts to 4,884.41 morgs. Of exchanged possessions 52 came into being after the separation of city farms starting in 1835. So-called Jerusalem remained then as common pasture. It later was divided among the owners of adjacent farms. However 5 exchanged possessions arose on farms let out by the city from times immemorial in emphitheutic (over 50 years) and perpetual lease, the same as Bobrowisko, and possessors of these villages paid the city still for a few years, the rent called "canon", which was also paid by the miller and peasants from Michalowo. The knights of the Cross conferred these lands on the city in 1416. The city had pretensions on the forests supposedly conferred on it at its foundation in 1285, which forests belonged to the starostaship of Brodnica during Polish rule and from 1772 to the Prussian state and during the Grand Duchy of Warsaw were given to Major Rembieliniski, the owner (heir) of Karbowo and which remain in his possession to this day. Through a lawsuit which the city pressed against the Prussian state from 1788 to 1799, the city lost the forests because it lost the privelege conferring the forests on itself and did not execute rights of ownership in the forest. The city retained in the territory of the starostaship only the so-called "Radne" (councillor) meadows on the road to Karbowo and the "Siwa" (grey) inn on the track to Kwidzyn.

In 1875 the city numbered 5,854 inhabitants. In 1864 it held 5,014 inhabitants, of whom Lutherans and Jews numbered 2,739 and Catholics 2,275 - these are almost all Poles, with the exception of a few Catholic officials who are German, and who, together with their families add up to 30 souls at most. In 1864 there were 732 buildings and 323 dwelling houses. In 1849 there were 3801 inhabitants-1607 Lutheran, 1621 Catholic. Official lists from 1849 offer, that as to nationality, 2715 were Germans and 1086 were Poles, but one needs to remember that in these lists each Pole who knew German is counted as a German. In the elections to the Reichstag in 1878 the Polish candidate received 259 votes, the German 393. A more accurate count was 342 for the Pole, 412 for the German. In 1879 there were 1,975 inhabitants and 238 houses. In 1816 there were 1,994 inhabitants. As a result of priveleges there were no Jews here in Polish times. Only after the Prussian occupation in 1773 did they begin to settle.

Four fairs are held yearly, always on Monday. On the Friday before, there is a fair for cattle and horses. Twice a week Monday and Friday - there are markets. Brodnica at one time carried on a significant trade, which declined, through the Napoleonic war and later by the creation of the Russian-Prussian border in 1816.

Tobacco was still widely cultivated in the first half of the nineteenth century in Brodnica's fields. Till today there exists a manufacturing concern named "Tabaksbinder", making from tobacco leaves so-called cigars, which are still in great demand in the area. This firm does not have its own tobacco plantations, but buys leaves from local peasants who, in a few places, plant small fields in tobacco. This tobacco, however, is of an inferior kind. Around 1860 tanning and cloth-manufacture more-or-less collapsed almost entirely on account of products supplied by merchants from factories. Today there exists only one tanner, and not even one cloth-maker. Furriery, on the other hand, is flourishing today; the only difference being that in earlier times furriers made mainly sheepskin coats, and now they deal with finer furs. In the middle ages even wine was made in the vicinity, at least it is written in the Brodnica chronicle that in 1379 there were very early harvests-already finished around St. James day (July 25). Cherries ripened on Pentecost; wine on St. James. Wine abounded everywhere and grain was so plentiful that a bushel of rye cost only 5 shillings. Today there are in Brodnica a distillery and brewery. The distillery was only started around 1875 on the state farm which formerly belonged to the starostaship. However the brewery exists already over 40 years; its output has not acquired wide renown. It is confined to local consumption. This is not, however, that famous city brewery which Balinski's "Ancient Poland" mentions; that brewery was still functioning just ten years ago, but its beer did not stand out for any particular goodness,either. The more significant townspeople erected that brewery by virtue of a privelege from Zygmunt III. Around 1850 each of them still took turns brewing beer. In addition to the brewery, there are found within the city 2 mills, 5 windmills and one brickworks. There is a factory making farm machines since 1872.

For about 50 years there has existed in Brodnica a bookstore as well as a reading room and a printshop from which went forth some scores of stories for the people in Polish translated from German, mainly by father Osmanski who was a pastor in Brodnica. After the death, in 1857, of this good and diligent worker for the advancement of popular literacy/education, the publishing of Polish books in Brodnica greatly lessened, although even today the owner of the printshop, C.A. Koehler, translates and publishes German stories. In recent years there has not been as significant a demand as earlier because the bookshop of Jozef Chociszewski in Poznan and the issuing from there into West Prussia of better popular writing affords the nourishment to the minds of our people.

In 1838-9 30,000 copies of the famous "Gospodarz" (Farmer, Manager) by Ignacy Lyskowski appeared and circulated in Brodnica. This was a book for farmers. In 1879 a German newspaper appeared in Brodnica: "The Strassburger Zeitung", which was, however, printed in Torun. Over 30 years ago the newspaper "The Prussian Grenzbote" (The Border Messenger) issued forth from the printshop of Koehler in Brodnica.

Since 1873 there has been in Brodnica a high school, at which, through the endeavors of the deputy, Ignacy Lyskowski was made a teacher in 1879 and conducted lessons in the Polish language. Now they have set up a Polish library at the high school. Between 1864-1873 in Brodnica there was a high school prep consisting of 3 grades. Already from 1840 there existed a municipal higher school, presently allied with an elementary school, at which there are usually 10 pupils. Earlier there existed 2 elementary schools, a Catholic and a Lutheran one, combined in 1876. In 1864 arose a higher school for girls, existing to this day.

There are presently 3 churches: 2 Catholic and 1 Lutheran. There is one synagog. The Lutheran church was built only in 1830 from a little store; free bricks and lumber were provided by owners of neighboring villages, not only Lutherans but Catholics, too. When the walls were partly-erected, higher authorities prohibited further building. During the day the gendarmes drove away the workers; further building was then carried on at night by lanterns, until at last the Prussian king marked 4,000 thalers from the state treasury for the church, to which he added 500 thalers from his own pocket and bought 2 bells. In that same year the Jews erected a synagog. Evangelical services have been held since 1817, when the Lutherans and Calvinists united in an evangelical community in a private home intentionally furnished for that purpose, which, in 1827 had to be torn down. The regime wanted to give to the evangelical community a cloister church, although the order at that time still had not been suppressed; the evangelicals would not accept the church, not wanting to antagonize the Catholics, which was for the regime a cause of later trouble in building. In the 17th century the evangelicals held services in a Catholic parish church which Anna, sister of Zygmunt III gave to the evangelicals, and which the starostaship of Brodnica had had in its possession between 1605 and 1625. When, after her death the starostaship took it back, queen Constantia, wife of Zygmunt III, gave it back to the Catholics, and even totally forbade evangelicals from holding services, but, after the conquest of the city by Gustav Adolf in 1628, the Catholic church was again given to the Lutherans, who, after the concluding of a treaty with the Swedes in 1629, had to give the church back to the Catholics and received permission to hold services in the city hall, which, however, in 1631 burnt down, as did the whole town with the exception of the Catholic church and a few houses. Today the tower of the city hall and the clock remain, and 15 years ago there was a piece of the city wall, which now is hidden by 3 and 4 story houses. The pastor of the Lutheran community in Brodnica for a certain time was the learned Erasmus Gliczner, pedagog and author of many works, who effected the understanding with the Dissidents in the so-called "Consensus Sendomirensis" (Sandomierz Consensus) and whose death shook the unity of religious dissident parties so much in Poland.

There were still 4 Catholic churches in the first half of the 19th century. Today there are 2: a parish church built at the same time as the town and castle, around 1285, and a post-reformation one. The church and a reformed cloister were built around 1761 by the then starosta of Brodnica, who conferred on it farmland and meadows between the cloister and the Drweca along with the lake Strzemiuszek. The reason for building this cloister is told by a certain Poteralski who was a shepherd on the estate of the starostaship (and being 105 years old in 1819 was listened to as a witness in a certain affair). He says, "The starosta's wife realized some Brabant lace items were missing. The chambermaid was suspected of stealing them and it was desired to persuade her to admit it. She did not admit it and when she died, from worry and harrassment, the lace items were found in the intestines of a cow, which had gotten sick and died. This caused the starosta to erect the church out of penance. on a tablet in the church are mentioned the Pawlowski's. Since 1817 there has not been a novitiate, and in 1831 when cholera reigned, a quarantine was set up with the monks. One, saying goodbye to the church during prayers, died; three others established themselves in the houses of neighboring szlachta. They never returned to the cloister. After the cholera died down the regime took over the cloister as a possession of the treasury. In 1837 the regime gave it to the city along with the farm, lake and buildings, with the obligation of setting up a higher school. In 1839 the regime bought the cloister from the city and half the yard for 2000 thalers and set up there a criminal prison, which exists to this day. The sheepfold was changed by the then-mayor in 1845 into a hospital. It still exists. Today in the church Mass is celebrated each month for the prisoners, who come for it to the choir behing the great altar. In addition to this funeral services are held, because the Catholic cemetery is right next to the church. In the cemetery the Ossowski and Bialoblocki families have erected beautiful chapels as family tombs. Since 1862 on Wednesday after the third Sunday after Easter Poles and Catholics observe the feast of St. Adalbert, patron and apostle of Prussia and hold services in the beautiful remains of the little cloister church, placed beyond the city in the middle of the hides greening at that season. (Translator's note: it seems that the choir- or sanctuary-part of the church remained where it was built and the rest of the church was moved or torn down.)

Of the two other remaining Catholic churches the wooden church of St. George on Mazurskie Przedmies'cie (Mazurian suburbs) still existed in 1821 and belonged to the parish of Szczucka, about 1 mile distant. To this church belonged the still-existing shelter for old women, here called the Hospital. The second such hospital exists at the parish church for 12 poor of the city of Brodnica. The church of the Holy Spirit on "Kamionka Suburbs" (street) at the walls of the earlier castle was ceded to the city for 51 thalers yearly rent in 1838 by the chapter 4 in Pelplin. In 1841 apartments for teachers were set up in the church of the Holy Spirit. From 1873 to 1877 a high school was located in it until a new building could be completed, and since 1877 a higher school for girls exists there. Then there is the chapel of St. Valentine on the road to Karbowo beyond the city, which ceased existing already in the 18th century.

The most interesting buildings in Brodnica are the castle and the walls by which the city was once surrounded. Brodnica was regarded as the key to all Prussia and struggles often took place around it, which were written about in "Starozytna Polska" by Balinski and "Starozytnosc Polski" in the histories of Naruszewicz and Moraczewski. Today the still-remaining remnants of the castle and walls confer on the city a fortified appearance. The castle, although it often witnessed the rumbling of war troops and repeatedly conquered by powder and deeds, was preserved till the year 1787, when, in a time of full peace for the Prussian regime this beautiful monument of earlier times was dismantled and from its bricks five houses in Brodnica were built. Only the beautiful tower was kept, standing on a hill, 175 feet high, on which unfailingly a guard was set, in order to give an early sign about the advancing enemy, because from the tower it is possible to take in a few miles of territory by eye. Next to this tower there remains to this day a kitchen, today turned into a smithy. At the kitchen was found a round walled well, today filled in. These buildings are found right on the Drweca, from the very bottom of which rise up thick walls. Along both sides of the castle till today are preserved wide and deep moats, over which were on the outside two drawbridges; a third was toward the town. The castle formed a personal fortress, not including the town, which was also encircled by strong walls, as witness the still-remaining, significant enough parts of these walls. The town had a guard, before Mazurskie Przedmiescie, on the right bank of the Drweca over the bridge: a tower which today still exists in its entirety and serves the police as a jail. In the castle courtyard the king's sister Anna erected a dwelling house in which today lives the leaser of the estate of the earlier starostaship, now state-owned.

The starostaship of Brodnica in the 17th century was a few times given to women from the royal family. After the death of Anna, (Feb. 6, 1625, whose remains, when the Pope would not permit her burial in the tombs of the kings of Poland, were preserved without a funeral in a building built for that purpose at the Lutheran cemetery and which today serves as a shelter for poor of the Lutheran confession), queen Constantia the wife of Zygment III, from the house of Hapsburg, received the starostaship. She was a zealous Catholic. She went on foot behind a procession and being portly, got so tired that she caught a fever and had a paralytic stroke. After her death Zygmunt III combined the starostaship with the states for his daught Anna Catharina, who in 1642 married Philip William, son of the palatine of the Rhine. At the Grodno (Grodzien'ski) Diet, in 1679, the Brodnica starostaship was marked out for Maria Casimira. In the records of the city's lawsuit with the regime in regard to the forest there is mentioned as staros'cina in the 16th century a Zamowska, which is simply a typographical error, and should be Zamojska, because in other documents of that suit Zamojska is mentioned. The same records mention as starosta a certain BieliAski, living in Warsaw, from whom Plaskowski rented the starostaship, stepping forth, in records, as the starosta after 1763. The starostaship had a court of first instance and had the right of jurisdiction. At the time of the Knights of the Cross a council from among the inhabitants ruled the city; the council also exercised judicature. The komtur confirmed its sentences of death. As a coat-of-arms the city has a right arm in a red field; from the times of municipal jurisdiction a walled gallows was preserved till 1818 beyond the city on the road to Gorczenica. The last komtur of Brodnica was Kilian von Exdorf. During the 13 year war with the Knights of the Cross, ended by the Peace of Torun in 1466, Brodnica belonged to the alliance of Prussian towns. In addition to the already-mentioned priveleges the city had from 1351 a brotherhood of shooters, armed at first with bows, later with guns. The best marksman and head of the brotherhood was gifted with various priveleges. The brotherhood lasted until 1772 and had its own shooting range at the Mazurian gate and tower. The city rented out the shooting range in 1783 in perpetual lease for 33 thalers, 10 sgr. yearly rent. Now there is in the shooting range an inn for journeymen and till today it still bears the name shooting range, in German "Schiessgraben". In 1841 the then-mayor established a new shooting brotherhood, still existing. In 1757 the king of Poland, Augustus III, conferred on the city the right of collecting navigation and bridge taxes at the bridge over the Drweca. To this day the city collects the bridge tax. The Prussian regime took back the right of collecting the navigation tax around 1851. Till 1772 the city collected at the gates an excise on products brought in for market. Between 1772 and 1807 Brodnica was the seat of a Landrat (chief). Between 1807 and 1815 Brodnica was in the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and in 1817 was set up again the land court and municipal court as well as the proprefecture changed into a Landratur, and for taxes was established a county tax office, which have survived till today. The municipal board remained the same right up to 1833, when, in addition to a mayor and chancellor and 4 councillors was created a municipal representation composed of 12 members chosen by the citizens, which to this day has survived. In the council usually only 1, at most 2, Poles serve. The court was changed in 1850 into a county court, which existed till October 1, 1879 when the new judicature of the German Reich was introduced in Brodnica and made similar to the communal district court belonging to the circuit of the landowning court in Torun. a second-class post office and a telegraph station are united to it and an office of Plats. (Kontroler katastru czyli geometra) as well as a county architect.

Brodnica parish numbered 4,106 souls in 1879. In addition to three shelters for poor old people here called hospitals, is a legate of pastor Powalski with a fund of 600 thalers from which a percent is used for clothing for poor Lutheran children; a charitable fund instituted by mayor Zermann for the support of poor children without regard to confession; the brotherhood of shooters and guild of shoemakers have funds for the cost of funerals of their members and the city has such a fund for the poor. In 1862 was established the still-existing Polish company "The Loan Society for the City of Brodnica and Surroundings", which at the end of 1878 counted 345 members and had that year capital of 279,103 marks; the shares of the members amounted to 76,896 marks; 9,571 marks were in a reserve fund; 10,028 marks were pure profit, of which 4,174 marks were plowed back into the reserve fund and 5,854 marks were turned into dividends paying memnbers 4-6% per share. The company lent out at 8%.

There is no certainty as to when Brodnica was founded. In the year 1298 comess the news that the Lithuanians destroyed the city. In 1410 it surrendered to king Wladyslaw Jagiello; following that, however, it fell again to the Knights of the Cross; in 1414 the Poles attempted to conquar it in their turn, hut they besieged the fortified castle for a long time, in vain. When the citizens and cities of Prussia uni.ted in the so-called Lizardous Alliance (Eidecksengenossenschaft) against the Knights of the Cross, the castle of Brodnica was completely encircled and the then-komtur, Ulryk -von Eisenhofen, not being able to hold out any longer, gave it back to Jail of Koscielec, the wojewoda of Inowroclaw in 1454. Later, in 1461, through the carelessness of Mikolaj Koscielecki, wojewoda. of Inowroclaw, the city was squandered. Only the castle protected itself, which, besieged for a long time, in February 1462 was conquered by the Knights of the Cross using hunger. Only in 1466 was it recovered, by the Peace of Torun on October 2, 1628, Gustav Adolf, having approached, immediately began to set up charges of powder under the walls and batter them by divisions. on the second day of the siege Koniecpolski showed up at Michalowo, giving the sign to the commander of Brodnica that he came to him to help him; he even harassed the rear guard of Gustav by frequent approaches. Such effective relief forced the Swedes to redouble their efforts: from one side mines placed under the walls broke them down, and from the opposite side La Chapelle, Swedish engineer, tunneled under the town. In spite of that the castle held out because the Polish army was near; the commander called, however, in the face of the Polish army, which had just arrived, for the free-will opening of the qates of the city on October 4th, for which he was later condemned to death. Found in the booty that was carried away from the city were 6 barrels of gold. At the beginning of the second vear the Poles bedsieqed Brodnica. Oxenstierna, with 10,000 men, hurried to relieve his own. Stanislaw Potocki, castellan of Kamieniec, commander of the army, unbeknownst to hetman Koniecpolski, also collected forces, but hardly found 4000 men, whom Wrangel, Swedish general, beat at Gorzno. Only in 1629 by the treaty of September 26th did the Swedes return Brodnica to the Polish king. At the second Swedish war in 1654 general Steinbok again ruled the city.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted & translated by Gerald R. Schmidt, Pittsburgh, PA, E-mail: gshmit@PeoplePC.com (Feb 2001)

Brusy

.In German Bruss, Brusz. A peasant village in Chojnice county, with a school, a mayor, a city records office, a church, a post office from which personal mail to Chojnice and Koscierzyna; in a plain, the village is placed among good wheat lands; has significant peat bogs; the size of the village is 7,809.56 morgs magdeburg; in 1864 there were 374 buildings, 120 chimneys, 1,261 inhabitants of whom 1,127 were Catholic; in 1875 there were 1,318 inhabitants, mostly Poles, working in farming, and raising cattle, but particularly raising fowl. They send a significant output of geese to the entire hamlet. In 1878 a new church was built. From 1872 a Polish company has existed here called the Brusy-Lesno Loan Society, which had in 1878 76 members, and gave to depositors 6%, took 7% and had 15,749 marks in capital; there are two fairs a year and weekly markets.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted & translated by Gerald R. Schmidt, Pittsburgh, PA, E-mail: gshmit@PeoplePC.com (Feb 2001)

Brzozki/Broski

1)Brzoski - village, district of Wielunski, parish of Cicszecin, township of Lututow. In 1827 it had 9 houses with 70 inhabitants.

2) Brzoski - an area of nobles in the district of Mazowiecki, township and parish of Wysockie Mazowieckie. In this vicinity can be found: Brzoski Gromki, Brzoski Falki, Brzoski Tatary, Brzoski Gawrony and Brzoski Brzezinskie. In 1827, B. Gromki had 11 houses and 79 inhabitants, B. Falki had 10 houses and 57 inhabitants, B. Tatary had 17 houses and 129 inhabitants, B. Gawrony had 33 houses and 209 inhabitants, B. Brzezinskie had 24 houses and 159 inhabitants.  In 1890, B. Gromki and B. Tatary became part of the township of Szepietowo but remain in the parish of Wysockie Mazowieckie. Zygmunt Gloger (The White Land) named three other settlements in this area: B. Jakubowieta, B. Markowieta and B. Stanislawowieta. The last two were also known as Markowizna and Stankowizna. The area around these three settlements was the family home of the Brzoskis.

3) Brzozki - native name in current use for Brzoski

4) Brzozki - a colony in the district of Koninski, township of Wysockie, 16 km south of Konin and 5 km from the river Warty.  It had 15 miles of open land, 63 inhabitants and was formerly a manor farm
of the estate Wysockie. It was colonized in 1855.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1892

Submitted by: Jerry Gieraltowski - E-mail: gieraltowski@lucent.com (April 1998)

Brzozowo

1) Berezowo in Russian, village, in Bialystok powiat, the Catholic church of Saint Jan Chrzciciel was built in 1863 by farmers from the villages of Bobrowka and Brzozowo; the church is affiliated with the parish in Kalinowka.

2) village in Bielsk powiat, in Grodno gubernia, on the left bank of the river Lizy.

Submitter's note: There are many villages listed with the same or similar names. This particular entry describes the village of his ancestors and the other accompanying entry.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880 

Submitted by: Don Szumowski, 2211 Ontario Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20009 (Feb 1997)

Brzyska

A village in Jaslo county, has 1,785 mórgs of land, including 1,143 of farmland and 433 of forests; 172 houses, 1,186 inhabitants. The Roman Catholic parish church in the village, belonging to Brzostek deanery, has 3,694 souls, and existed before 1555. It is not known who built or consecrated the wooden church, St. Mary Magdalene’s. In the stone chapel on the cemetery Masses are celebrated; there is a one-class elementary school, a district loan society, and sizable quarries. Brzyska lies on the Wisloka amid fertile hills. On the manorial grounds there are a beautiful palace and English garden with old trees, established by the current owner, Stanislaw Kotarski.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Vol. 1, page 429 -Warsaw 1880.

In Dlugosz called Brzysska and Brzyszka, a village in Jaslo county. In the mid-15th century this village, the property of the Tyniec abbey, had a wooden parish church, St. Mary Magdalene’s. In the village was a monastery manorial farmstead, a property (2 lans) belonging to the soltys [village headman], two inns (belonging to the monastery and the soltys), 9 farmsteads, and peasant lans. A tithe was given to the pastor (Liber beneficiorum, Vol. II, page 278). All the parish villages—Ujazd, Wróblowa, Lipnica, Klodawa, and Dabrówka - belonged to the Tyniec monastery.

Brzyska’s church has its own Website at http://brzyska.rzeszow.opoka.org.pl. Its address is Parafia sw. Marii Magdaleny, 38-212 Brzyska 15a, POLAND; e-mail brzyska@rzeszow.opoka.org.pl.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Updated entry in Vol. 15-1, p. 251 -Warsaw 1900.

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Spring 2004 Rodziny.

Brzyskorzystew / Brzyskorzystewko

A Noble Estate, Prussia, Posen, Administrative District Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), Kreis and Court Records at Znin, Military Records Office at Gnesen (Gniezno), Civil Registry Office at Gutenwerder (Dobrylewo), Post Office at Retkowo, 4 km distance, 169 Population.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1880, vol. 1, p, 429]

Translated by Jim Piechorowski, E-mail: Jamespiech@aol.com (Dec 2004)

Additional informationn from the Slownik:

Brzyskorzystew, 1145, Bescoristew, 1357 Prescoristew, in XVI century Brzeskorzystew, is a village Szubinski district. First text about Brzyskorzystew was in document from the year 1138, it is a landed property of the Gniezninski church.

According to a papal document from 1145 year "dominua Vincencius guesn. canonicus" the village was given to the monastery in Trzemeszno.

In document from 1357 yearthe village is again the landed property of the Gniezninski Church. Documents from 1393 year provide that monastery Trzemeszenski had share in this village. The Parish Church sw Katarzyny of Alexandria was founded by the priest’s of the monastery in Trzemeszno.

In XV century village became private property. A new church built in 1538 year, it burned in 1826 and was rebuilt from post and pan.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1900, vol. 15-1, p, 251]

Translated by Mateus Kaczmarek of Znin, (Brzyskorzystew), Poland (Jan 2005).

More Information:

Brzyskorzystew is located not far from Znin, near the way to Szubin. It is an old village on the River Pomorka, also called the Letnica, the River Bezkorzyst and the River Rawka in the past. This river is a tributary of the river Gasawka. The village was mentioned as Bezkorzyst in a document of Pope Innocent dating from July 7 , 1136.

Originally, the village belonged to the archbishops of Gniezno and seven peasants lived there. Then, in 1370 it was sold to the family of the Grzymalita coat of arms. At the end of 15th century it belonged to the family of the Leszczyc coat of arms. After the partition, Brzyskorzystew was in the area of the Inowroclaw county, however outside its direct administration. The population of the village was about 140 inhabitants, more or less the same as the population of a typical, small town of the then Paluki region. The river, flowing along the village, was the border of the first Prussian annexation in the Great Dutchy of Poznan´, in the village was in the area of the Szubin coutry. After another change in the administratoin in 1887, Brzyskorzystew /Birkenfelde/ was included in the Znin county.

The various names of the village Brzyskorzystew:

Brzyskorzystew 1826,
Gogólka or Gogulka 1827,
Kuraczewko or Koraczewko 1828,
Brzyskorzystew Wyreba Huba 1861
Brzyskorzystew Wyreba Marianowo (in German Marianwelde) 1861,
Brzyskorzystew Pawlowo (in German Pansholf) 1861
Brzyskorzystew Folwark Stary 1861,
Brzyskorzystew Marianowo Wyreka Brzyskorzystewska 1863,
Birkenfelde 1875

Families of members being researched in Brzyskorzystew / Brzyskorzystewko. Click on researcher name to send E-mail.

Bukovina

- in the county of Orawa in Hungary

The village, a subdivision of Podskle and Danielki is located on the border of Galicia and has a Roman Catholic parish. Among the residents are 878 Polish

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted and Translated by: Rose Szczech (Apr 1998)

Bukowa

– in the county of Samor

A village that lies above the stream that feeds into the river Strwiaza, one mile north of Fulsztyn (Felsztyn), 1 1/2 miles north of Starejsol (Staraya Sol) and one mile northwest of Chyrow (Khirov). There is a railway station at Lupkow. It is the first railroad between Hungary and Galicia, which connects with the railway at Niestrza.

The village has 16 Roman Catholics, 838 Greek Catholics, 27 Jews, for a total population of 881. It belongs to the Roman Catholic parish in Fulsztyn. The Greek Catholic parish here also serves the village of Lutowiska, making a total of 1262 parishioners. The parish belongs to the deanery of Starosolsk.

According to the records of the inspection that took place in 1733, Bukowa had a church built by Mikolaj Herburt, Przemysl district Chamberlain in 1568, and Mikolaj Danilowicz of Zurow(o), royal Cupbearer and Chelm district Chamberlain, also the Hrubieszew starost from Bukowa in 1669. It has a branch school and convent belonging to the parish of St. Basil in Dobromil.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted by: Stan Schmidt, 106 S. Hill St., Roselle, IL 60172 (May 1998)

Bukowina

- in the county of Lipvov in Hungary

In the village area there was once an old castle (Liptovar) located in the high mountain rocks. There are also castle structures of Vasar and Nagyvar where little remains exist. There are 110 people in the village

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted and Translated by: Rose Szczech (Apr 1998)

Bukowina

- in the county of Nowy Targ

The village is at the foot of the Tatry mountains on the inflow of the Bialka river. From the north it borders with the village of Bialka; on the west with Gliczarow, Gron, Poronin, Murem-Zasichla and Zakopane; from the south it is at the foot of the Tatry; and from the east it borders with Brzegi and Spiz. Bukowina has a train station for people who continue their travel to Zakopane or “Five Lakes” and Morskie Oko. There is a Roman Catholic parish in Bialka and a post office in Nowy Targ. The southwest part of the village is located on the stream Odewsianka (also called the Dziadkowka). It lies 7.5 km from Poronia and 24 km from Nowy Targ.

The village has 193 houses and 1073 people; 536 men and 537 women. Its elevation is 958 meters. The total territory is 5069 morg; there is 2179 morg of plowed land good for oats and 2252 morg of forests. It has a sawmill.

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880

Submitted and Translated by: Rose Szczech (Apr 1998)

Bukowsko

A small town in Sanok county, with a Roman Catholic parish church and a post office in the town, in the foothills of the Beskid mountains, in the San River basin. It has a county court, a one-classroom school, and markets for pigs, corn, cattle, and horses. The Roman Catholic parish, of Sanok deanery, has 1,280 faithful; at one time Bukowsko belonged to the parish of Nowotaniec. A parish church was built here in 1648; the current one was erected in 1710. [Volume 1, p. 471]

Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw 1880.

Translated by William F. Hoffman, PGSA Fall 2001 Rodziny.

Bysl~aw

Link to Chicago Suchomski Ancestry Website.

Translation by James D. Summers.

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